Electric field-induced alignment polymers

Martin, C. A., Sandler, J. K. W., Windle, A. H., Schwarz, M. K., Bauhofer, W., Schulte, K., and Shaffer, M. S. P., Electric field-induced aligned multi-waU carbon nanotube networks in epoxy composites, Polymer, 46, 877-886 (2005). 

Liu WP, Hoa SV et al (2004) Morphology and performance of epoxy nanocomposites modified with organoclay and rubber. Polym Eng Sd 44 1178 Lu KL, Lago RM et al (1996) Mechanical damage of carbon nanotubes by ultrasound. Carbon 34 814 Martin CA, Sandler JKW et al (2005) Electric field-induced aligned multi-wall carbon nanotube networks in epoxy composites. Polymer 46 877 Messersmith PB, Giannelis EP (1994) Synthesis and characterisation of layered sEicate-epoxy nanocomposites. Chem Mater 6 1719... 

Martin C, Sandler J, Windle A, Schwarz M-K, Bauhofer W, Schulte K, Shaffer M (2005) Electric field-induced aligned multi-wall carbon nanotube networks in epoxy composites. Polymer 46 877... 

The main issues that need to be considered in the approach with mo-lecularly doped polymer are concentration of dopant molecules that must be maximized, electric fields required for poling, retention of field-induced alignment, and compatibility of poling with device concepts. 

If the medium is isotropic, is a scalar, i.e. the relationship between E and Plinear IS independent of the direction of the field vector E and the polarization is parallel to E. Many polymers possess amorphous structures and their optical properties are isotropic. However, electro-optic polymeric systems containing polar moieties can be made anisotropic by orienting these moieties, for example, by electric field-induced or optical alignment. In this case, the polarization is not necessarily parallel to the direction of E and its component in one direction is related to the field components in all three directions ... 

As mentioned, the electric field induces the orientation of polymer side groups. The homeotropic structure with an alignment of these groups (Ae > 0) normal to the electro-optical cell areas is thus formed. The possibi>... 

Kakade MV, Givens S, Gardner K, Lee KH, Chase DB, Rabolt JF (2007) Electric field induced orientation of polymer chains in macroscopically aligned electrospun polymer nanofibers. J Am Chem Soc 129 2777-2782... 

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