Electric field induced aggregate formation

Electric-Field-Induced Aggregate Formation in Hb. salinarum... 

Lateral transport phenomena can be observed for example as surface self-diffusion (Vollhardt et al. 1980), from concentration gradients in surface films as the result of compression or expansion of soluble or insoluble monolayers (Dimitrov et al. 1978), from the effect of aggregation or domain formation in such monolayers (Lucassen-Reynders 1987), or from domain movements in monolayers induced by an electric field (Heckl et al. 1988). 

Gels sensitive to electric field were also obtained using the process of reversible complex formation between a polyelectrolyte gel and an oppositely charged surfactant. The complex formation is accompanied by surfactant ion aggregation to micelles, which results in gel contraction at the site of complexation (Figure 22). By using an electric field to direct surfactant binding selectively to one side of the gel, one can induce contraction and curvature of a strip of gel. ° ... 

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