Electric field gradient focusing

Kelly, R. T., Li, Y, and Woolley, A. T., Phase-changing sacrificial materials for interfacing microfluidics with ion-permeable membranes to create on-chip preconcentrators and electric field gradient focusing microchips. Ana/. Chem., 78, 2565, 2006. 

Humble, P. H., Kelly, R. T., Woolley, A. T., Tolley, H. D., and Lee, M. L., Electric field gradient focusing of proteins based on shaped ionically conductive acrylic polymer, Anal. Chem., 76, 5641, 2004. 

Humble PH et al (2004) Electric field gradient focusing of proteins based on shaped ionically conductive acrylic polymer. Anal Chem 76(19) 5641-5648... 

Ivory and co-workers developed earlier the electric field gradient focusing (EFGF) [36-39] technology enabling effects similar to those achieved in FCCE. 

Rizzo reviews in a unitary framework computational methods for the study of linear birefringence in condensed phase. In particular, he focuses on the PCM formulation of the Kerr birefringence, due to an external electric field yields, on the Cotton-Mouton effect, due to a magnetic field, and on the Buckingham effect due to an electric-field-gradient. A parallel analysis is presented for natural optical activity by Pecul Ruud. They present a brief summary of the theory of optical activity and a review of theoretical studies of solvent effects on these properties, which to a large extent has been done using various polarizable dielectric continuum models. 

When an electric field gradient is applied on a molecular beam of molecules with a dipole moment or high polarizability, they can be focused or defocused, depending on their J, M (and K for symmetric top sjjecies) quantum states. This method was applied in studying the sjjectroscopy of vdW molecules or in aligning molecules before reacting them. - ... 

The nanofluidic preconcentration device can be considered an equilibrium gradient device using a steep electric field gradient and an opposing bulk flow to focus analytes [243]. Other equilibrium gradient techniques have also been implemented in microfluidic channels. These techniques include temperatare... 

Computing Electric Field Gradient Tensors to Study Cl, and Quadrupolar Spins Recent advances in theory and computing power have made the computation of the electric field gradient (EFG) tensor parameters possible by first-principles methods and made quadrupolar spins a more valuable source of chemical information in solids. This section focuses on recent advances on the computational and experimental studies of APIs exploiting Cl, and quadrupolar nuclei. 

Optical and magnetic tweezers manipulate a handle in the form of a bead attached to the end of a molecule such as DNA. Optical tweezers and traps exploit the restoring force that can be exerted on a dielectric microbead by the electric-field gradients at the focus of a laser beam. In the case of magnetic tweezers, a magnetic bead is manipulated between magnetic poles. 

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