Specific heat Einstein formula

It was to explain these deviations from the law of Dulong and Petit that Einstein developed his theory of specific heats. He treated the vibrations of the separate atoms by quantum theory, just as we did in Sec. 5, Chap. IX, and derived the formula... 

The adiabatic compression of saturated vapours was considered by Bruhat, who also calculated the angle between the liquid and vapour phase isochores in the entropy-temperature diagram. Amagat investigated the discontinuity in specific heats where an isothermal cuts the saturation curve. Hausen, from a complicated formula for the specific heat of steam involving two Einstein terms ( 2.IX N), calculated the heat content and entropy of steam. Leduc found the value of n for dry steam in Rankine s equation for adiabatic... 

Einstein himself did not believe seriously in his model in fact, in a second article The Present State of the Problem of Specific Heats presented to the first Solvay Congress in 1911 and later published in the Proceedings, commenting on a proposal of Nemst and Lindemann [7], he wrote, One can therefore suppose that the body behaves as a set of oscillators with different frequencies. [...] A theoretical meaning could only be attributed to a formula in which all the infinite frequency values compare in a sum [8]. However, not only has the Einstein model had a historical and tutorial relevance, but also formula (15) continues to be used for the vibrational specific heat of isolated defects. Nemst and Lindemann had observed that most of the experimentally known specific heats could be adequately represented by taking 8 oo — (o ) + 8 (jo — oo ) for g(a>) [7] in a way, this formula can be considered the first attempt to solve the ab fine problem. 

Dulong Pierre-Louis (1785-1838) Fr. chem., research on refractive indices and specific heats of gases, co-formulated Dulong-Petit s law, devised empirical formula for the heat Earnest Charles Mansfield (1941-) US chem., expert in geoscience and minerals (book Thermal analysis of clays 1984) Einstein Albert (1879-1955) Ger. phys., originator of theories of relativity, laws of motion and rest, simultaneity and... 

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