Einstein mass-energy relationship

A. (a) Show, using the Einstein mass-energy relationship, that 1.00 AMU is equivalent to 931 Mev of energy. 

The energy change AE that results from a mass change in a nuclear reaction (Am) is given by the Einstein mass-energy relationship AE = c Am. 

The equivalence of these criteria follows from Einstein s mass-energy relationship. Spontaneous transformations of one nucleus into others can occur only if the combined mass of products is less than the mass of the original nuclide. 

Strategy To calculate the nuclear binding energy, we first determine the difference between the mass of the nucleus and the mass of all the protons and neutrons, which gives us the mass defect. Next, we apply Einstein s mass-energy relationship [A = (Aw)c ]. 

Einstein s mass-energy equivalence relationship Relation between mass defect and ena-gy released... 

Einstein s mass-energy equation E = nuP the relationship between mass and energy. [ 18.12] electrode the cathode or anode in an electrochemical cell (see cathode and anode). (17.6) electrolysis The process whereby electrical energy is used to bring about a chemical change. [ 17.6] electrolyte A substance whose aqueous solution conducts electricity. [15.5]... 

The difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons is called the mass defect. Relativity theory tells us that the loss in mass shows up as energy (heat) given off to the surroundings. Thus, the formation of gF is exothermic. Einstein s mass-energy equivalence relationship states that... 

It is now known that energy can be produced by the loss of mass during a nuclear reaction. Energy and mass are related by Einstein s mass-energy equivalence relationship E = mc, where c is the velocity of light. The modified law, therefore, states that the total mass and energy of an isolated system remain constant. 

On page 36 it was pointed out that mass and energy are alternate aspects of a single entity called mass-energy. The relationship between these two physical quantities is Einstein s equation,... 

Could we have avoided the convention of A II° = 0 for the elements in their standard reference states Although this assumption brings no trouble, because we always deal with energy or enthalpy changes, it is interesting to point out that in principle we could use Einstein s relationship E = me2 to calculate the absolute energy content of each molecule in reaction 2.2 and derive ArH° from the obtained AE. However, this would mean that each molar mass would have to be known with tremendous accuracy—well beyond what is available today. In fact, the enthalpy of reaction 2.2, -492.5 kJ mol-1 (see following discussion) leads to Am = AE/c2 of approximately -5.5 x 10-9 g mol-1. Hence, for practical purposes, Lavoisier s mass conservation law is still valid. 

---