Minimum efficiency

Flux is maximized when the upstream concentration is minimized. For any specific task, therefore, the most efficient (minimum membrane area) configuration is an open-loop system where retentate is returned to the feed tank (Fig. 8). When the objective is concentration (eg, enzyme), a batch system is employed. If the object is to produce a constant stream of uniform-quahty permeate, the system may be operated continuously (eg, electrocoating). 

Compartment opening, mm Maximum stage efficiency Minimum HETS, mm Flow rate kg s" m" ... 

To decide which fuel to use, a host of factors must be considered. The object is to obtain high efficiency, minimum downtime, and the total economic picture. The following are some fuel requirements that are important in designing a combustion system and any necessary fuel treatment equipment ... 

Efficiency, minimum The minimum efficiency obtained during the performance classification of a filter. 

This review adopts the broad perspective, recognizing that the primai y policy mechanisms applied to improve energy efficiency—minimum efficiency standards, incentive programs, normative and informative labeling progi ams, and technology-driven market forces—can address a vei"y wide variety of products. 

If the errors are normally distributed, the OLS estimates are the maximum likelihood estimates of 9 and the estimates are unbiased and efficient (minimum variance estimates) in the statistical sense. However, if there are outliers in the data, the underlying distribution is not normal and the OLS will be biased. To solve this problem, a more robust estimation methods is needed. 

Homogenizer Throughput Reiative Energy Efficiency Minimum Dropiet Size Sampie Viscosity... 

Panicle size, concentration, and chemical composition arc usually the aerosol properties of most interest. Also imponant in certain applications arc particle charge, crystal stmeture and optical properties. In Industry, particles are collected to recover a desirable product or reduce emissions and occiiputional exposures. The efficiency of filters, scrubbers and other such devices depends primarily on particle size. As shown in Chapter a minimum is often found when the efficiency of particle rentoval is plotted a.s a function of particle size. The efficiency minimum or window" occurs in the particle size range near a few tenths of a micron for reasons that differ depending on the mechani.sms of particle collection. A similar efficiency mintniLini is observed for particle deposition in the lung as a function of particle size. The explanations for the efficiency minima in the lung and certain types of filters are similar. 

Since most continuous extraction methods use countercurrent contacts between two phases, one a light liquid and the other a heavier one, many of the fundamentals of countercurrent gas absorption and of rectification carry over into the study of liquid extraction. Thus questions about ideal stages, stage efficiency, minimum ratio between the two streams, and size of equipment have the same importance in extraction as in distillation. 

Homogenizer type Throughput Dominant flow regime Energy density U/m3) Relative energy efficiency Minimum droplet size Sample viscosity... 

Space Efficiency Minimum weight, area, and volume of operating equipment Good. Skid mounted units are available. 

The parasitic corrosion reaction is highly undesirable as it produces no electric energy but consumes lithium. This highly exothermic reaction (-53.3 kcal/g-mol of lithium) can accelerate corrosion detrimentally. Efficient minimum-weight batteries require that this parasitic reaction be minimized. 

Byung, K., Kang, S. (1984). An efficient minimum-time robot path planning under realistic conditions. Proceedings of the American Control Conference, 1984, (pp. 296-303). IEEE. 

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