Efficacy on Target Pests and Application Rates

Acetamiprid (2) is a broad-spectrum insecticide that is ovicidal and larvicidal against a wide range of sucking insects such as Hemiptera (especially aphids) or adults of Thysanoptera, Isoptera and Coleoptera pests. It has contact, stomach and systemic long-lasting action and is moderately activity against Lepidoptera such as the peach fruit moth Carposina niponensis), the oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta), and the diamond back moth Plutella xylostella) and has ovicidal effects on these species as well (Table 29.2.1.6) [29]. 

However, its penetration through the cuticle is low. Other hemipterous pests, such as sweet potato whitefiy, Bemisia tahaci, and the citrus mealybug, Planococ-cus citri, or melon thrips, Thrips palmi, and the termite, Reticulitermes speratus, are also very susceptible to this CNI 2. 

Acetamiprid (2) is suitable for use on a wide range of crops, including cereals and sugar beet (Mospilan ), fruit and vegetables (Assail ), ornamentals (Chipco Tristar ), cotton (Intruder , Assail ), tobacco (Epik ) and tea (Mospilan ). It can be applied to the soil as well as foliage and as seed treatment. 

Translaminar efficacy against the green peach aphid (M. persicae) was found by the root-dipping method at low concentration [LC50 in ppm = 0.031 (eggplant)  

023 (radish)] activity against Plutella xylostdla was around ten-fold lower in this test. For the diamond back moth it was demonstrated that 2 is active at different development stages. The LC50 against the 1 instar larvae is much smaller than values for the and 4 instar larvae. This is important for the apphcation timing of 2. Furthermore, 2 exhibits high activity on insects OP and/or pyreth-roid-resistant as well as susceptible strains. 

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On a final note, nicosulfiiron with an optimized adjuvant has efficacy at an application rate of only 1 g/ha(7). When the calculations are performed to see just where we currently stand with ultralow application rates, one finds that the nicosulfuron is active at the concentration of 1.5 molecules/10 nm l Ten square nanometers is a pretty small area, but it is amazing to find that only one and a half molecules are all that is required to be effective. What does e future hold one molecule per target pest ... 

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