Effects of p- and d-block elements

Chloride contents must be kept low to avoid corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete (Section 12.3) and formation of kiln rings and preheater deposits. Contents below 0.02% are preferred, though higher ones can be acceptable if a sufficient proportion of the kiln gases is bypassed or in less energy-efficient (e.g. wet process) plants. 

Portland cement clinkers typically contain around 0.2% of P2O5 higher contents lead to decreased formation of alite, and if above about 2.5% to 

The cycling of zinc, cadmium, thallium, lead, sulphur, fluorine and chloride was noted in Sections 3.2.5, 3.3.5 and 3.4.5. 

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