Effectiveness against microorganisms

Arsphenamin was the first drug substance with thermotropic mesomorphism [19] to be used therapeutically as Salvarsan during the first half of the 19th century. This drug is effective against microorganisms and offered for the first time a therapy for venereal diseases. Today it has been replaced by antibiotics with less serious side effects. 

Unfortunately, to be effective against microorganisms in bakery products, acetic acid concentrations must be so high that an overly sour taste is imparted to the products. Sodium diacetate, however, can be used in small concentrations in bread and rolls to control rope and molds. Traditional concentrations of the acetate are 0.4 part to 100 parts of flour. During recent years, the propionates have largely displaced sodium diacetate for this use. 

Chlorhexidine is most effective against microorganisms in the solid form compared to a solution preparation. 

When chitosan is added to the culture medium the BC/chitosan composites formed include the properties of both components, mainly an extraordinary bactericidal and barrier effect against microorganisms. Therefore, this modified BC is well suited for wound dressings [42]. 

Inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase. Methotrexate, a structural analogue of dihydrofolate, is effective against intact mammalian cells but ineffective against protozoa and some bacteria owing to permeability barriers. Trimethoprim and pyrimethamine (2,4-diaminopyrimidines) are effective against microorganisms. The former is antibacterial and antimalarial the latter is primarily antimalarial. 

A study was carried out to investigate the feasibility of incorporating lysozyme, an antimicrobial enzyme into polymers that are approved for food contact use, and to determine if they would be effective against microorganisms in liquid media Hen egg white lysozyme was immobilised on PVOH beads, nylon 66 pellets and cellulose triacetate films, and activity yields for each are discussed. 26 refs. 

The isoxazolyl penicillins potently inhibit the growth of most penicillinase-producing staphylococci. Dicloxacillin is the most active. They are less effective against microorganisms susceptible to penicillin G and are not useful against gram-negative bacteria. 

A safe, nonirritating, antimicrobial-containing preparation that prevents overt skin infection. Claims stating or implying an effect against microorganisms must be supported by controhed human studies that demonstrate prevention on infection. 

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