Effect of Initial Temperature

Summarizing the above, it should be noted that in detonation tubes with chambers in the ignition section filled with lean hydrocarbon-air mixtures, pre- 

Pulsed detonation devices based on the DDT principles should contain wider chambers in the ignition section (fore-chambers) to guarantee a stable periodical operating mode insensitive to initiating conditions. In case of direct initiation of detonation, such chambers prevent detonation formation and propagation. 

This work was performed under ONR contract N68171-01-M-6138. 

Smirnov, N. N., V. F. Nikitin, A. P. Boichenko. M. V. Tyurnikov, and V. Baskakov. 1999. Deflagration to detonation transition in gases and its application to pulsed detonation devices. In Gaseous and heterogeneous detonations Science to applications. Eds. G. Roy, S. Frolov, K. Kailasanath, and. Smirnov. Moscow. Russia ENAS Publ. 65-94. 

Smirnov, N. N., V. F. Nikitin, and J.C. Legros. 2000. Ignition and combustion of turbulized dust air mixtures. Combustion Flame 23( l/2) 46-67. 

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Figure 7-48. Effect of initial temperature on limits of flammability of a combustible vapor-inert-air system at atmospheric pressure. By permission, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Bulletin 627 [43].

Fig. 5.24 Effect of initial temperature on the burning rate of BAMO/THF = 60 40 copolymer.

Fig. 3. Predicted effect of initial temperature ramp on HC emissions over the first 210s of the FTP test. The inlet temperatures used are shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 4. Inlet temperatures fed to the model to predict the effect of initial temperature ramp. The measured data have an initial temperature ramp of 6 K/s.

Experimental data on multiple steady-state profiles in tubular packed bed reactors have been reported in the literature by Wicke et al. 51 -53) and Hlavacek and Votruba (54, 55) (Table VI). The measurements have been performed in adiabatic tubular reactors. In the following text the effects of initial temperature, inlet concentration, velocity, length of the bed, and reaction rate expression on the multiple steady state profiles will be studied. 

Lower flammability limits of vapors may be predicted quickly, including the effects of initial temperature and inert diluents such as N2 and CO2. The limiting oxygen content necessary for flame propagation can... 

From a study of the effect of initial temperature on the rate of rise of pressure Brown, Leslie and Hunn 110 arrived at the same conclusion. Fenning s 117 results showing that the rate of flame propagation is greater with benzene-air than with hexane- or gasoline-air mixtures also supports the proposal tliat tendency to knock cannot he measured by flame speeds. 

The temperature sensitivity stays around 0.0028 fC for most cases. At elevated pressures, the heat feedback from the gas phase to the condensed phase is higher, and thus the effect of initial temperature on the interfacial energy balance becomes less important. A numerical analysis on the temperature sensitivity for low-pressure conditions was further performed by Beckstead and co-workers [35]. The predicted temperature sensitivity was determined to be too low compared to the measurements, mostly due to the uncertainties associated with the treatment of the condensed phase in the model. 

Fig. 30. Effect of initial temperature on the maximum pressure rise ratio for stoichiometric methane-air and hydrogen-air mixtures.

Figure 13.9 The effect of initial temperature Tq on multiple steady states in an adiabatic CSTR,...

L.B. Kier, C.K. Cheng, Effect of initial temperature on water aggregation at a cold surface. Chem. Biodivers. 10(1), 138-143 (2013)... 

Effect of initial temperature on downward propagating flammability... 

Figure 4.6-3 Effect of initial temperature on downward propagating flammability limits in hydrogen air mixtures...

Effects of Initial Temperature and Non-combustible Gases on Detonation Parameters... 

Fig. 7.14 The effect of initial temperature on transverse detonation cell size in H2 + air mixtures. Points - experimental data curves - calculations on the base of oxidation kinetics [13]...

A.A. Vasil ev, M.E. Tochiyan, V.Yu. Ul yanitskii, Effects of initial temperature on gas-detonation parameters. Combust. Explos. Shock Waves 15(6), 815-818 (1979)... 

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