Effect of Additives and Operating Parameters

The electrode substrate, current density, and additives influence the process of bubble growth and hence the ultimate bubble size. 

In addition to the influence of the electrode material and current density, the effect of additives on the bubble behavior and size has been investigated. Venczel25 added gelatin, glycerine, and beta-naphthochinolin to his electrolyte in most cases the bubble size decreased and in some cases a frothy mixture resulted. The 

In addition to current density, additives, and the electrode itself, other process characteristics affect bubble size and behavior. Landolt et al29 found that the bubble size decreased with flow rate in the interelectrode area in fact, they achieved current densities much higher than those which in stagnant electrolyte would produce anode effect. Electrode orientation and configuration must also affect bubble size.30 

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