Effect aerosol production

Humidification of inspired air may promote the hydration (liquefaction) of tenacious secretions, allowing for more effective sputum production. The use of mucolytic aerosols (e.g., N-acetylcysteine deoxyribonuclease) is of questionable therapeutic value. Mucolytics may have the greatest benefit... 

In toxicological cell or animal studies LRT smoke particles have shown contrasting effects. Aerosol particles collected during the LRT episode in August to September 2002 in Helsinki had significantly lower activity in cytokine production than the corresponding particles in that season on average. Lower activity was... 

Aerosol spray cans arc pressurized with other organic chemicals. Until recently most aerosol products contained types of fluorocarbons known by the brand name Freon. Freon, when inhaled, prtiduces the same effects as the organic solvents and presents the... 

Table II. Effect of Cyclohexene Concentration on Aerosol Production...

Pharmaceutical inhalation aerosols are widely used for treatment of diseases such as asthma and chronic bronchitis. There are three basic types of aerosol products the propellant-driven metered-dose inhalers, the dry powder inhalers, and the nebulizers. Because of the ozone-depleting and greenhouse effects of the chlorofluorocarbon (CFG) propellants, interest in the dry powder aerosols has risen in recent years. 

Since the solubility of dimethyl ether in water is about 35%, it can be used to good effect in aqueous aerosol products. It also has antimicrobial effects that are organism-dependent. ... 

The client requires an effective antiperspirant product which is to be dispensed as an aerosol spray using a propane-butane blend as the propellent gas. Figure 9.4 illustrates the basic components of an aerosol. 

Another requirement which is likely to become of increasing importance with aerosols is the demand for child-resistant and tamper-evident closures. Although current FDA legislation only requires such closures to be applied to oven cleaners, it may well be extended to other aerosol products including some pharmaceuticals, and a number of approved child-resistant closures are already available. Most of these closures rely on the user either replacing the overcap or rotating the cap to a safe position for their effectiveness. 

Presto, A. A., Huff Hartz, K. E., and Donahue, N. M. (2005a) Secondary organic aerosol production from terpene ozonolysis 1. Effect of UV radiation, Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 7036-7045. 

McMurry and Grosjean (1985) estimated saturation vapor concentrations for condensable products from the oxidation of 1-heptene (0.14-1.28 ppb), o-cresol (0.06 to 1.6 ppb), and nitrocresol (1.7 to 2.2 ppb). Odum et al. (1996) fitted their smog chamber data to (13.39) and derived effective vapor pressures for the aerosol products of m-xylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and a-pinene. Available relevant vapor pressures are shown in Table 13.13. 

Presto AA, Huff Hartz KE, Donahue NM (2005) Secondary organic aerosol production from terpene ozonolysis. 2. Effect of NOx concentration. Environ Sci Technol 39 7046-7054... 

Perchloroethylene has replaced 1,1,1-trichloroethane in aerosol formulations for the automotive aftermarket, particularly for brake cleaning. These formulations provide auto repair shops with highly effective, nonflammable products. 

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