Edge enhancement principle

Figure 8.24. Demonstration of the edge-enhancement principle built into the chord length distribution, (a) Two-phase structure intersected by a straight line, (b) The density along the line, (c) The derivative of the density is a sequence of 5-functions which are marking the positions of the domain edges...

If the scattering entities in our material are stacks of layers with infinite lateral extension, Eq. (8.47) is applicable. This means that we can continue to investigate isotropic materials, and nevertheless unwrap the ID intensity of the layer stack. To this function Ruland applies the edge-enhancement principle of Merino and Tchoubar (cf. Sect. 8.5.3) and receives the interface distribution function (IDF), gi (x). Ruland discusses isotropic [66] and anisotropic [67] lamellar topologies. 

The anisotropic multidimensional chord distribution (CDF) is an advancement of the IDF which is adapted to the study of highly anisotropic materials. CLD, IDF, and CDF are all based on the edge-enhancement principle devised by Mering and... 

Drugs can therefore resemble a double-edged sword in that they can both help and harm the patient. By fully appreciating the nature of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic principles, and drug-drug interactions, practitioners can drastically reduce unwanted side effects and at the same time enhance the therapeutic efficacy and usefulness of drugs. 

Dabney et al. (2006) reviewed a variety of in-field, edge-of-held, and after-held buffers and noted four key principles (1) even narrow buffers improve water quality, (2) buffers work best on slow, shallow diffuse flows, (3) buffers slow, trap, and enhance metabolism of pesticides, and (4) buffers are most valuable on shallow soils, which are most susceptible to runoff. 

In hollow stirrers the stirrer head is hollow and is connected via a hollow shaft to the gas space above the liquid. The suction generated behind the stirrer edges by rotation according to the Bernoulli principle can thus be used to supply gas to the liquid. Hollow stirrers are suitable for enhancing mass transfer in gas/liquid con-... 

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