Ecstasy action

Red Bull and vodka has been called Ecstasy in a can, a reference to a popular club drug. It has also had its run-in with the law the drink was briefly investigated in 2001 by the Swedish National Food Administration after the deaths of three people who were believed to have drunk Red Bull with liquor. No action was taken against the company, Red Bull GmbH. The drink continues to be available in Sweden and in eighty-eight other countries. 

MAO has been inhibited. As a result, transmitter accumulates in the cytoplasm and is exported into the synapse via the membrane-bound transporter. The ensuing (impulse-independent) sympathetic arousal can be disastrous, culminating in a hypertensive crisis and stroke. Although this process is a pharmacological curiosity and certainly contributed to the demise of MAOIs, it is possibly overrated (Tyrer 1979) it has been estimated that the number of deaths associated with the use of the MAOI, tranylcypromine, amounts to only 1 per 14000 patient years. However, this sequence of events echoes exactly the acute actions of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy ) and undoubtedly accounts for some of the deaths attributed to this drug. 

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, or Ecstasy ) is an illicit drug used by young adults who attend rave dance parties in the U.S., Europe, and elsewhere. The allure of MDMA is related to its unique psychoactive effects, which include amphetamine-like stimulant actions, coupled with feelings of increased emotional sensitivity and closeness to others.1-2 Epidemiological data indicate that MDMA misuse among children and adolescents is widespread in the U.S.3-4 In... 

Setola, V., Hufeisen, S.J., Grande-Alien, K.J., Vesely, I., Glennon, R.A., Blough, B., Rothman, R.B., and Roth, B.L., 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy ) induces fenfluraminelike proliferative actions on human cardiac valvular interstitial cells in vitro, Mol. Pharmacol. 63(6), 1223-1229, 2003. 

One difficulty with studying the long-term effects of ecstasy is that ecstasy users rarely use just one drug therefore the deficits in learning, memory, and impulsiv-ity cannot be linked exclusively to ecstasy. In addition, research in humans is too preliminary to be entirely sure that ecstasy use is causing these deficits. As of 2002, more studies are focusing on humans, and within the next couple of years research is expected to provide more definitive evidence of ecstasy s long-term effects, the mechanisms of action, and whether the deficits presented in this section are irreversible. 

In the two books already on the market about MDMA — Through the Gateway of the Heart by Sophia Adamson (Four Trees Publications, Box 31220, San Francisco, CA 94131, 15.50) and Ecstasy The MDMA Story by Bruce Eisner (ibid.) — quite a number of accounts are given by individuals who not only felt their bodies releasing "character armor" and other physical stress, but who actually came to feel that MDMA sessions had attenuated arthritic or skeletal problems. This action is not well understood as of yet, but the testimony is quite persuasive. 

Methylenedioxymetamfetamine (MDMA), commonly known by names such as ecstasy , XTC , E , or Love Drug , was synthesized in 1914 for use in chemical warfare, but has more recently become a popular drug of abuse among young people, especially at raves . It is relatively easy to obtain and is erroneously regarded as a safe drug. However, it has actions like those of amphetamine. 

A newer drug, MDMA [usually called Ecstasy but also known as XTC, MDM, and Adam), gives the same general effect but lasts four to six hours instead of ten to twelve. Because of its shorter duration of action, it is gentler on the body, with less day-after fatigue. 

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