EC-optimal designs

For some numbers of factors and runs, full estimation capacity designs do not exist. The objective is then to find a design that maximizes EC—called an EC-optimal design. The construction of EC-optimal designs is discussed in the first part of this chapter. 

L. T. Fan, L. E. Erickson, R. W. Sucher, and G. S. Mathad. Optimal design of a sequence of continuous-flow stirred-tank reactors with product recycle. I EC, 4 431, 1965. 

S. Papageorgaki and G. V. Reklaitis. Optimal design of multipurpose batch plants 2. A decomposition solution strategy. I EC Res., 29(10) 2062,1990. 

Table 2. Design indices for 16-run EC-optimal orthogonal designs over four model spaces of Li and Nachtsheim (2000) (for model-robust orthogonal designs), Bingham...

In the framework of this study, the RC building has been optimally designed to meet the Eurocode (EC2 and ECS) or the PBD requirements. According to ECS the lateral forces were derived from the design response spectrum (5%-damped elastic spectrum divided by the behaviour factor q) at the fundamental period of the building. Concrete of class C20/25 (nominal cylindrical strength of 20 MPa) and class S500 steel (nominal yield stress of 500 MPa) are assumed. The base shear is obtained from the response spectrum for soil type A (stiff soil 0= 1.0, with characteristic periods T1 =0.10 sec and T2 = 0.40 sec) and a PGA of 0.31 g. Moreover, the importance factor yi was taken... 

Cross, M., Douglas, W. H., and Fields, R. P., Optimal design methodology for composite materials with particulate fillers. Powder Technol. 43 11 (1985). Ouchiyama, N., and Tanaka, T., Porosity estimation from particle size distribution 7 EC Fundam. 25 125 (1986). 

Murase, Akira, Roberts, Howard L., and Converse, Alvin O., Optimal thermal design of an autothermal ammonia synthesis reactor, l EC Proc. Des. Dev. 9(4), 503 (1970). 

Table 5. Design indices for 16-run full estimation capacity designs that are model discriminating or (EC. /C)-optimal He and nM denote, respectively, the number of full estimation capacity designs and the number of these designs that are model...

In potentiometric enzyme electrodes lyases producing carbon dioxide or ammonia are used as terminal enzymes of sequences. In fact, the term enzyme sequence electrode was introduced on the occasion of the design of a potentiometric D-gluconate sensor containing gluconate kinase (EC 2.7.1.12) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44) (Jensen and Rechnitz, 1979). The authors found that for such a sensor to function the optimal pH values of the enzymes and the transducer should be close to each other. Furthermore, cofactors, if necessary, must not react with one another nor with constituents of the sample. It was concluded that the rate of substance conversion in multiple steps cannot exceed that of the terminal enzyme reaction. A linear concentration dependence is obtained when an excess of all enzymes of the sequence is provided, i.e. complete conversion occurs of all substrates within the enzyme membrane. Different permeabilities of the different substrates results in different sensitivities. This is particularly important with combinations of disaccharidases and oxidases, where the substrate is cleaved to two monosaccharides of approximately the same molecular size. The above... 

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