Earth radius

Figure 2. (a) Formation and lattice parameters of perovskite borides versus rare-earth radius values at 1300°C... 

Standard refraction is the refraction that would occur in an idealized atmosphere in which the refractive index decreases uniformly with height at the rate of 39 >, 10-6 per kilometer. Standard refraction may be included in ground wave calculations by use of an effective earth radius of 8.5 x 106 meters, or - the geometrical radius of the earth. 

PROBLEM 2.4.7. If a satellite is to reach an orbit 100 km above the surface of the earth, what tangential velocity must it have as it enters the orbit How long will it take to make one revolution around the earth (earth mass = 5.977 x 1024 kg earth radius = 6.371 x 106 m) ... 

In units of Earth radii, where 1 Earth radius = 6,378 X 10 cm at the equator. In Earth masses, where 1 Earth mass — 5.974 X 10 g. 

Here, the local earth radius, r, is given by cos P + b sin jS. The meridional distance... 

The thermochemical properties of the rare-earth orthophosphates [plus Sc(P04) and Y(P04)] have recently been investigated in detail by Ushakov et al. (2001). These workers obtained the formation enthalpies of 14 orthophosphates by using calorimetric techniques and found an almost linear dependence between the enthalpies of formation and the rare-earth radius, from La(P04) (-321.4 kJ/mol) to Lu(P04) (-236.9 kJ/mol) xenotime and pretulite were found to be consistent with this behavior as well. The structural transition from the xenotime structure to the monazite structure was not manifested in a significant discontinuity in the relatively linear trend in the enthalpies of formation. The complete results of these detailed thermochemical studies are tabulated in Ushakov et al. (2001). 

R mean earth radius r mean lunar time s mean longitude of the moon h mean longitude of the sun... 

Under typical atmospheric conditions, the effective Earth radius used in propagation planning is 4/3 of the actual Earth radius. Assuming 4/3 Earth radius, the distance to the radio horizon derived from equations in White (1975) can be calculated by... 

Effective Earth radius The assumed Earth radius required to result in a distance to the horizon equivalent to the radio horizon. 

The accuracy of the radius and temperature determination will depend on the quality of the spectral fit (and thus on the sensitivity and resolution of the spectrum), the precision of the Sun-star distance, the cloud coverage and also the distribution of brightness temperatures over the planetary surface. Assuming the effective temperature of our planet was due exclusively from radiation to the surface instead of an atmosphere layer (the average equilibrium temperature of Earth is about 265 K instead of the 288 K surface temperature), would only introduce a few percent error on the derived Earth radius. 

Presumed variation in Earths radius between August and March A R... 

It is interesting to apply this formula to the sun. We use a solar surface temperature of 5700 K, a sun radius of rs 7.0 10 m, an earth radius of rg 6.4 10 m, and the mean sun-to-earth distance Rse 1.5 - lO" m. IMth these numbers we calculate a radiation energy annually received by the earth s surface of about 1.5 10 MWh/y. At the time of this writing the entire world s electricity consumption is roughly 1.9 10 °MWh/y (based on data collected between 2002 and 2010). In other words—a quadratic surface of about 40 by 40 km positioned in space near the earth would receive just this energy ... 

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