Earth as Self-Organizing System

FIGURE 3.4 An example of a self-organized system The world s weather patterns (NOAA, Decemben-January 1991) [47] 

Decker argues that the problem with this top-down approach is that it violates two basic features of biological phenomena individuality and locality. By modeling a pack of wolves as a amorphous, homogeneous mob there is no allowance for old 

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