E-dominance

Consider the schematic stress-deformation curve of Figure 2.6. Here elastic strain e dominates until the stress reaches Y0 then, plastic deformation 8 dominates. Note that plastic flow begins as soon as a small stress is applied,... 

Evidence from recent studies in ecology suggest that functional redundancy exists within some natural communities, but the relative contribution of different species to specific functions is far from equal, and the disappearance of certain species (i.e., dominants and keystone species) can have disproportionately large effects on overall system function and the occurrence of other species. For this reason, the precautionary principle advises that species loss be considered at least as a cause of incremental damage. Landscape-level models offer the possibility to improve our interpretation of local phenomena (e.g., species disappearance) in a wider spatial context. 

PAHs found in carbonaceous chondrites show a compositional difference from the sliock-synthesized PAHs in this study. The former are predominantly condensed ring compormds, whereas the latter iu-e dominated by polyphenyl compounds. However, many PAHs reported to be present in carbonaceous chondrites could be produced by the shock reaction from benzene. Major species of PAHs in carbonaceous chondrites such as naphthalene, biphenyl, and phenanthrene were formed abundantly in this study. Fruthermore, the mutual ratios of structural isomers in tire Miuehison meteorite ]149], the Yamato-791198 meteorite [150], and the Yamato-74662 meteorite [151] resemble those of the shock products in our experiments in particular, the coincidence in the ratios of 2-MeNap/l-MeNap and fluorantliene/pyrene is striking. Tliis implies a genetic connection between the shock products and the organic materials in carbonaceous chondrites. 

Note that equation 44-71 can be reduced to equation 41-19 [2], which is appropriate when the signal-to-noise ratio is high and may be considered constant. Under these conditions E is large and the second term under the radical is small and the first term under the radical, which is independent of E, dominates then the noise of the transmittance increases with T as VT+T and inversely with the reference energy. 

Hot buffer extracts contained mainly types B, C and D, oxalate extracts types A, B, C and D and in acid extracts types C, D and E dominated. 

To merge tightly coupled subsystems to blocks we define strong connections between equations and subsystems respectively. We call a row p of the matrix A with fp E dominant with respect to subsystem i, if... 

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