Dynamic strain softening Payne effect

Another softening phenomenon which manifests the dependence of the stress upon the entire history of deformation is the so-called Payne effect. Like the Mullins effect, this is a softening phenomena but it concerns the behavior of carbon blackfilled rubber subjected to oscillatory displacement. Strain dependence of the storage and loss moduli (Payne effect) at 70 °C and 10 Hz for a rubber compotmd with different concentration of carbon black filler [7] (Fig. 26). Indeed, the dynamic part of the stress response presents a rather strong nonlinear amplitude dependence, which is actually the Payne effect [8, 16, 43]. 

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