Dynamic capacitor method

To obtain the dynamic hysteresis loop of a ferroelectric capacitor the polarization is measured versus the applied voltage. Since the hysteresis is neither a linear nor a time invariant property, the hysteresis loop is dependent on the sample history and on the measurement method. To have a standardized and comparable hysteresis loop, certain parameters are commonly fixed. One is the absolute position of the loop on the polarization axis, since the initial (virgin) state of the polarization is unknown in almost all cases, the hysteresis loop is balanced to a reference value. Most commonly the positive and negative saturation polarization are set to... 

B. DRAM (Dynamic RAM) stores information in capacitors. This storage method is much more efficient and, therefore, has gained widespread popularity over SRAM. And, as the name dynamic implies, it requires a constant recharge to maintain the information. 

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