Dyeing substances

Spsted, H. et al., Ranking of hair dye substances according to predicted sensitization potency quantitative structure-activity relationships, Contact Dermatitis, 51, 241, 2004. 

Runge s materials are animated. They act wilfully, it would seem. Chemicals combine or unite. They marry and split. Runge s scientific language is one of affinity and repulsion. In his text of 1834, Colour Chemistry, Founded on the Chemical Relations of Cotton Thread to Salts and Acids, he notes, for example, the affinity of cotton for different dye substances. These characteristics - such as the instability of cochineal red - form a sort of personality. In the opening pages of Basic Outline of Chemistry of 1848, Runge notes that there are now 59 elements in the world. Each of these has its own characteristics and displays a specific behaviour The chemical behaviour of an element depends on its chemical activity, and this activity is its peculiar expression of life when confronted by another element. 20... 

Colorimetric Indicators, Useful when one of the species is capable of being in rapid equilibrium with a dye substance such that the dye color is affected by the amount of the species present. 

The estimation of thebaine in the analysis of opium is described by Klyachkina [55] and Anneler [56], The alkaloid has been estimated in opium residues by condensation with benzoquinone, isolation of the very sparingly soluble adduct, and iodimetric titration of this in chloroform solution. This method is reported to be accurate to 0-5 per cent., provided resins, dyeing substances, and phenolic alkaloids are first removed [57]. Thebaine can also be estimated as its silicotungstate [53] or salicylate [54]. 

Phytochemistry The herb contains anthraglycosides and anthraquinones (galiosin, rubiadin, asperuloside, etc.), flavonoids, traces of essential oils, tannins, and dyeing substances. Rhizomes contain iridoids, steroid glycosides, coumarins, and flavonoids (Akopov 1990 Muzychkina 2000 Demirezer et al. 2006 Tamas et al. 2006 Zhao et al. 2008). Cultivated callus tissue produced a variety of different anthraquinones (Banthorpe and White 1995). 

Phytochemistry The flowers contain flavonoids, glycosides, diterpenes, coumarins, sterins, vitamin K, essential oil, gum, dyeing substances, fatty acids, etc. (Khodzhimatov 1989 Baimukhamedov and Komissarenko 1990 Ul chenko et al. 2000 Yagura et al. 2008). 

Phytochemistry The aboveground parts of the herb contain 1-3 % dyeing substances (luteoUn), mustard essential oil (mostly in roots). 32-34 % fatty oil was extracted from the seeds. The leaves, inflorescence and the seeds include the glycosides glucocapparin and glucobarbarin (Khalmatov 1964). The aboveground parts contain cinnamamide and alkaloids (Lutfullin et al. 1976, 1977). The plant was also found to contain phenyl-P-naphthylanune (Sultankhodzhaev and... 

Pigments, dyeing substances KpacamHe BemecxBa Reserpine pe3epnHH ... 

Recently, the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique has been recognized as a useful way of tailoring thin films of molecular thickness. Interest in the LB technique has led to a number of investigations of different types of materials. For example, the classic long-chain fatty acids and alcohols as well as polymerizable molecules, e.g. diacetylenic acids [211-213], aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. substituted anthracenes [214, 215], TCNQ radical anion salts [216, 217] and charge transfer complexes [218-220] and dye substances can now all be produced as monomolecular layers. 

Dye substances for example, lead chromate. They are usually in an insoluble hexavalent form and, thus, not relevant as a skin hazard. Chromium oxide, a trivalent form, is used in artists paints and ceramics. 

---