Dyeing Process with Different Classes

Dyeing Processes with Different Classes of Dyes... 

A lot of different formulas for dyeing with madder have been described in the literature. The recipes can be divided in two main classes, according to the origin of the material to be dyed, the number of process steps and necessary chemicals. 

Most stains consist of colored substances of natural origin belonging to the polyphenol, carotenoid, or chlorophyll class. Artificial food colorants, cosmetic ingredients, and decorative dyes complete the stain portfolio. Very often stains are complex mixtures of spilled food preparations or beverages. Combined with oils, fats, or other organic material, such as proteins, starch, or waxes, the properties of stains are quite different from those of isolated dyes. Only a small proportion of all stains is fixed on surfaces by physical adhesion. On fibers, in particular, strong interactions often result in covalent bond formation. This process is more important on cotton than on synthetic fabrics. 

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