Dual Systems Using New Polymers

A new type of dual system was also described by Sang [22]. In conjunction with an anionic PAA-based polymer with high molar mass and low charge density, cationic modified PVA induced effective flocculation of fine clay particles. 

As mentioned above, two-component flocculants often present advantages over a single-component flocculant, such as better control of flocculation kinetics and improved floe strength. Most dual-component flocculants consist of two polyelectrolytes, two pol5miers, or a polyelectrolyte and a nanocolloid. Usually, one of the components adsorbs on the surface of the particles to be flocculated and the second component bridges these polymer-coated particles. Therefore, this combination of patching and bridging is believed to be responsible for excellent results, as described for instance for retention systems (Fig. 5) [10]. 

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