Dual-bound composite

Thin-film catalyst layers are usually hydrophilic, with no hydrophobic ingredients added inside the CL. Although PTFE is generally unnecessary for thin-film catalyst layers, sometimes hydrophobicity maybe required for better transport in the CL. Zhang et al. [11] designed a dual-bound composite CL that contained... 

Zhang and Shi [36] found that the dual-bound composite catalyst layer exhibited higher performance than either a PTFE-bound CL or a thin-film CL, as shown in Figure 2.9. Optimization of the dual-bound CL showed that impregnation of Nation between the two layers could lead to decreased cell performance [37]. Thus, the optimal structure for a dual-bound CL was a separate hydrophilic layer on top of a hydrophobic layer. 

---