Dry powder for inhalation

Formulation of dry powders for inhalation must rely on a very short list of excipients to fulfill the customary roles of diluent, stabilizer, solubilizer, processing aid, and property modifier (e.g., flow enhancer). In the United States, only a few materials are approved for use in inhalation products, and of those (e.g., propellants, surfactants) many are of little help in dry powder formulation. 

French DL, Edwards DA, Niven RW. The influence of formulation on emission, deaggregation and deposition of dry powder for inhalation. J Aerosol Sci 1996 27(5) 769-783. 

Fig. 3. SEM images of various dry powders for inhalation, (a) Spray-dried particles (see Subheading 3.1.)- Reproduced from ref. 5. (b) Particles prepared by emulsification techniques (see Subheading 3.2.1.), Reproduced from ref. 10. (c) Particles prepared by supercritical C02 swelling (see Subheading 3.2.2.), The particles in panel b were the starting material for these particles. Reproduced from ref. 10. (d) TI particles (see Subheading 3.4.2.),...

The characterization and control of primary particle size and the particle size distribution of drug-containing particles are perhaps the most important factors in the design and manufacture of dry powders for inhalation. The size, density, and shape of a particle... 

PHARMACEUTICAL SPRAY DRYING APPLICATIONS Spray Dried Powders for Inhalation... 

Chan HK. Clark AR, Feeley J. etal. Physical stability of. salmon calcitonin spray-dried powders for inhalation. J Pharm Sci 2004 93 792-804. 

Lo Y-I. Tsai J-C. Kuo J-H. Liposomes and disaccharides as carriers in spray-dried powder-formulations of superoxide dismutase J Control Release 2004 94 259-72. Lcchuga-Ballcstcros D, Charan C, Stults CLM. etal. Triteucine improves aerosol performance and stability of spray-dried powders for inhalation. J Pharm Sci 2007 96(5) 1258-69. Faldt P, Bergenstiihl B. The surface composition of spray-dried protein-lactose powders, niysiochcm Eng Aspects 1993 183-90. 

Niven, R.W. Engineering and testing of dry powders for inhalation therapy. In International Society of Aerosols in Medicine. ISAM Vienna, Austria, 1999. 

This method could either be used as a one-step process for the preparation of protein or peptide suspension for pressurised metered dose inhaler or the suspension could be poured into a flask and rotated at room temperature until the propellant evaporates. The powder derived from this could be used for the preparation of a dry powder for inhalation, which makes this technique versatile. 

Various DDSs based on PLGA have been developed in recent times. The developed DDS includes microparticles, nanoparticles, injectables, dry powder for inhalation,... 

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