Drag response element

When dash pot and spring elements are connected in parallel they simulate the simplest mechanical representation of a viscoelastic solid. The element is referred to as a Voigt or Kelvin solid, and it is shown in Fig. 3.10(c). The strain as a function of time for an applied force for this element is shown in Fig. 3.11. After a force (or stress) elongates or compresses a Voigt solid, releasing the force causes a delay in the recovery due to the viscous drag represented by the dash pot. Due to this time-dependent response the Voigt model is often used to model recoverable creep in solid polymers. Creep is a constant stress phenomenon where the strain is monitored as a function of time. The function that is usually calculated is the creep compliance/(f) /(f) is the instantaneous time-dependent strain e(t) divided by the initial and constant stress o. ... 

Existing guidelines and literature for pharmacy practice and drag use processes were reviewed and adapted for the critical care setting.The needs of hospitals with comprehensive resources as well as those with more limited resources were considered. The task force created three gradations of pharmacist responsibilities and departmental services as fundamental, desirable, and optimal. Classification of the elements into each category was the result of the consensus process. For the purposes of this article, the following definitions were used. Fundamental activities are vital to the safe provision of pharmaceutical... 

The distributed array of drag elements in vegetation canopies creates a mean wind profile that contains an elevated shear layer centred near the canopy top that more closely approximates a plane mixing layer than a wall layer. This velocity stmcture is responsible for turbulence characteristics that differ substantially from those over a smooth surface. Velocity spectra are sharply peaked, streamwise and vertical velocities have probability densities that are strongly skewed, streamwise and vertical velocities are correlated more strongly that would be expected over a smoother surface, and transport is dominated by coherent flow structures with sweeps more important than ejections. 

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