Double subroutine self-assembly

Funeriu, D. P., Lehn, J.-M., Baum, G., Fenske, D., Double subroutine self-assembly, spontaneous generation of a nanocyclic dodecanuclear Cul inorganic architecture. Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 99-104. 

Lehn and coworkers developed a similar approach, which they term double code or double subroutine self-assembly. In this technique different metal ions in a mixture are induced to selectively interact with different binding sites on a single, hybrid ligand, giving assemblies displaying novel structures. An example of such a process is shown in Fig. 2. ... 

Fig. 2 Double subroutine self-assembly The formation of a metallocatenane. (From Ref. [19].)...

Multiple-interaction self-assembly involves the formation of more than one type of interaction. Illustrated in Fig. 3b is a multiple-interaction process in which two types of coordinate bonds are formed (i.e., double subroutine self-assembly). Depicted in Fig. 3c is a multiple-interaction process in which one type of coordinate bond and one type of hydrogen bond are formed (i.e., a multiple molecular recognition process). Processes like that depicted in Fig. 3 b involve mediation by one class of interaction only, and can therefore be referred to as unmediated.Processes of the type depicted in Fig. 3c involve mediation by two different classes of interaction and are therefore refeiTed to as multimediated. ° ... 

Figure 3. Double-subroutine ligand containing two different subunits coding respectively for the self-assembly of a double helicate and a [2x2] grid, and the crossover coordination architecture formed with Cu(I) ions [13].

---