Double immunodiffusion

Immunoelectrophoretic Techniques. The technique of gel electrophoresis has been successfully combined with immunological techniques in order to further evaluate molecules. Specifically, the concept of double immunodiffusion as described in 1948 (57) and that of single-radial immunodiffusion described in 1963 (58) have been further developed for use with electrophoresis in both the clinical and research setting. 

The double-immunodiffusion technique, often referred to as the Ouchtedony technique, uses an agarose gel as the matrix. Holes are made in the agarose where either sample or antisera is placed. The two solutions are allowed to diffuse into the matrix for a predetermined time. If there is a reaction... 

Double helixes, self-recognition in the self- assembly of, 16 803 Double-heterojunction (DH) structures, for LEDs, 22 173, 174, 175 Double heterostructure (DH), 14 844 Double heterostructure laser diodes, 14 700 Double hetero structure OLEDs, 22 216 Double-immunodiffusion technique, 9 753-754... 

Double immunodiffusion techniques permit the quantitation of one protein in the presence of other proteins... 

Immunodiffusion. The traditional method using Oiichterlony double immunodiffusion is specific and sufficiently sensitive. The major drawback of the test is that it takes 2 days to complete. 

ELISA. Commercial kits for detecting anti-Ro and anti-La are available. This approach has 10- to 100-fold increase in sensitivity over double immunodiffusion. The possibility of nonspecific binding is increased, so the... 

Figure 6-4. Double immunodiffusion. Antigens about the concentration and size of the antigen and antibodies are loaded into two wells cut at the number of precipitin bands indicates the opposite ends of the agar gel. The position and number of distinct antigens in the mixture, intensity of the precipitin lines gives information...

The double immunodiffusion method was first applied by Holman et al. (H16) and Gullberg and Olhagen (G34) to detect albumin and y-glob-ulin in gastric juice. By this method, serum proteins were found in gastric juice from normal individuals and patients with various disease. Stimulation of gastric secretion with histamine diminished the serum protein concentration in gastric juice, which Holman et al. (H16) believed to be due to either proteolysis or dilution. 

Double immunodiffusion in two dimensions is a widely used immunotechnique and is known as the Ouchterlony method. It allows direct comparison of two or more test materials and provides a simple and direct method for determining whether the antigens in the test specimens are identical, cross reactive, or nonidentical. 

Figure 9-4 Double immunodiffusion in two dimensions by the Ouchterlony technique. A, Reaction of identity B, reaction of nonidentity C, reaction of partial identity D, scheme for spur formation. Ag, Antigen Ab, antibody.

Germinara, G.S., Rotundo, G., and de Cristofaro, A. 2000. Detection and quantification of hidden Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) infestations in cereals by double immunodiffusion and immuno-osmophoresis. Tecnica Molitoria 51, 732-737. 

Goetz, D.W., Whisman, B.A., and Goetz, A.D., Cross-reactivity among edible nuts Double immunodiffusion, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and human specific IgE serologic surveys, Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol., 95,45-52, 2005. 

The precipitating antibodies can be detected using several different methods (Moser 1979). The Ouchterlony agar gel double immunodiffusion method is mostly used (Ouchterlony 1958). The precipitins can still be positive 10 years after the farmer has left the farm (33%), but they are correlated to whether or not the farmer has left the farm (Braun et al. 1979). 

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