Double exchange mechanism, ferromagnetic

The fact that LSMO is ferromagnetic in the charge-ordered, insulating state is remarkable, since it indicates that the ferromagnetic interaction at low temperatures cannot arise from the double exchange mechanism. We note here that other... 

Zener, C (1951) Interaction between the d-shells in the transition metals, Phys. Rev. 81,440 and Interaction between the d-shells in the transition metals 2 Ferromagnetic compounds of manganese with perovskite structure, Phys. Rev. 82, 403. These two papers have been cited collectively almost 4000 times and describe the double exchange mechanism. Clarence Zener spent a short time (1940-1942) as an instructor at Washington State University when it was still known as Washington State College. 

The double exchange mechanism has been successfully used to explain the ferromagnetism observed in (In,Mn)As [65, 72, 73]. In a DMS material, if... 

Sato and Katayama-Yoshida [68] performed first principles ab initio calculations of the electronic structures of TM-doped ZnO and proposed the double exchange mechanism for the carrier-induced ferromagnetism. The first principles calculations predict that transition metals V, Ct Fe, Co, and Ni-doped ZnO [87] showed ferromagnetism with concentration from 5 to 25%, whereas the Mn-doped ZnO shows spin-glass state at ground state because of the exact half-filled d state of Mn ions [68]. For comparison, Cr +, Fe +, Co +, and Ni have d, d, d, d, and... 

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