Dogonadze, Kuznetsov, and Levich

In 1967, Dogonadze, Kuznetsov, and Levich began the development of a theoretical model that would account for the full quantum nature of the transferring proton [10, 18, 52, 53]. In contrast to the model based on transition state theory where the quantum properties of the proton are an ad hoc addition to the model,... 

Dogonadze and Kuznetsov showed for the first time the way to take into account the processes of transfer of heavy particles for reactions in liquids. This work was the basis for the first simplest quantum mechanical model of the electrochemical proton transfer process which was proposed by Dogonadze, Kuznetsov, and Levich in 1967 (see also Ref. 33). The expressions and conclusions of Dogonadze and Kuznetsov s work were used in a number of subsequent papers (also in some recent works, see, e.g.. Ref. 34). Therefore, it is necessary to consider this approach in more detail. 

Dogonadze, Kuznetsov, and Levich " DKL) treat proton transfer in the same way (i.e., in terms of continuum solvent fluctuation) as that for simple electron transfer reactions, where no breakage or formation of bonds is involved. The reaction takes place only as a result of continuum solvent polarization fluctuation without taking into consideration the stretching of the H-OH2 bond and is not connected with the thermal heat sink, which is supposed to give the activated states in other theories. 

Theoretically, Frumkin strongly supported quantum theoretical studies of the elementary act of electron transfer. In the Theoretical Division, led by V. G. Levich, several epochal studies were carried out by R. R. Dogonadze, Yu. A. Chizmadzhev, and A. M. Kuznetsov. In 1967-1968, Dogonadze, Kuznetsov, and Levich put forward the first quantum-mechanical theory of proton transfer later, A. M. Kuznetsov, J. Ulstrup, Ya. I. Kharkats, and M. A.Vorotyntsev systematically... 

The next step was taken by Dogonadze, Kuznetsov, and Levich[91], who extended these ideas to the more complex reaction of the cathodic evolution of hydrogen. An important stage in subsequent development of the theory was the establishment of the concept of quantum-mechanical and classical degrees of freedom[204], which led to a substantiation of the analysis of a number of specific reactions, and the development of a more detailed model of the polar medium (taking into account the spatial and frequency dispersion of permittivity)[205]. 

---