DNP dynamic nuclear

An alternative method, termed DNP (Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation), relies on the transfer of polarisation from unpaired electrons onto nuclear spins in the solid state but has been further developed to significantly enhance the sensitivity of solution-state NMR, as described briefly below. The technique has been applied to boost the polarisation levels for low-7 heteronuclear spins in particular and shows most promise to date for and N observation the initial report on the technique described a gain in signal-to-noise in excess of 10,000-fold for both these elements when compared to data collected at thermal equilibrium [115]. The hyperpolarisation of P and Si has also been demonstrated. 

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