Replication fork, DNA

Singleton, M. R., Scaife, S. and Wigley, D. B. (2001). Structural analysis of DNA replication fork reversal by RecG. Cell 107,79-89. 

Figure 11-2. The prokaryotic DNA replication fork. A schematic representation of semi-conservative replication of DNA by different mechanisms on the leading and lagging strands by DNA polymerase III (DNA pol III) is shown. Other enzymes and accessory proteins that participate in initiation, elongation, and ligation phases of the process are indicated, with DNA pol I depicted as having just dissociated from a completed Okasaki fragment. SSBs, single-stranded DNA binding proteins.

Waga, S., and Stillman, B., Anatomy of a DNA replication fork revealed by reconstitution of SV40 DNA replication in vitro. Nature. 369 207-212, 1994. 

Figure 2.40 The DNA replication fork comprising a number of cooperating enzymes, (image courtesy of www.wikipedia.org).

Kim S, Dallmann HG, McHenry CS, Marians KJ. tan couples the 58. leading- and lagging-strand polymerases at the Escherichia coli DNA replication fork. J. Biol. Chem. 1996 271 21406-21412. 

S. Waga and B. Stillman. 1998. The DNA replication fork in eukaryotic cells Anna. Rev. Biochem. 67 721-751. (PubMed)... 

Duplex DNA Is Unwound, and Daughter Strands Are Formed at the DNA Replication Fork... 

A major complication in the operation of a DNA replication fork arises from two properties the two strands of the parental DNA duplex are antiparallel, and DNA polymerases (like RNA polymerases) can add nucleotides to the growing new strands only in the 5 —>3 direction. Synthesis of one daughter strand, called the leading strand, can proceed continuously from a single RNA primer In the 5 3 direction, the same direction as movement of the repiication fork (Figure 4-33). The problem comes In synthesis of the other daughter strand, called the lagging strand. 

Stillman B. (1994) Smart machines at the DNA replication fork. Cell 78 725. 

Deshpande, A. M., and Newlon, C. S. (1996). DNA replication fork pause sites dependent on transcription. Science 272, 1030-1033. 

DNA is replicated bidirectionally Prokaryotic DNA is a circular duplex. Circular DNA replication involving 9 stmctures is called 9 replication, which proceeds in bidirections. Prokaryotic chromosome contains an origin, Ori (a nucleotide sequence of 100-200 base pairs (bp)), where the two DNA replication forks extend in opposite directions. 

Higuchi, K., Katayama, T., Iwai, S., Hidaka, M., Horiuchi, T., and Maki, H. (2003). Fate of DNA replication fork encountering a single DNA lesion during oriC plasmid DNA replication in vitro. Genes Cells 8, 437 49. 

Courcelle, J., and Hanawalt, P. C. (2003). RecA-dependent recovery of arrested DNA replication forks. Annu. Rev. Genet. 37, 611-646. 

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