DNA fragmentation in apoptosis

Gold, R, Schmied, M., Rothe, G, Zischler, H., Breitschopf, H, Wekerle, H, and Lassmann, H, (1993) Detection of DNA fragmentation in apoptosis- application of in situ nick translation to cell culture systems and tissue sections J Histochem Cytochem 41, 1023-1030... 

McConkey DJ, Hartzell P, Jondal M, Orrenius S (1989) Inhibition of DNA fragmentation in thymocytes and isolated thymocyte nuclei by agents that simulate protein kinase C.) Biol Chem 264 13399-13402 McConkey DJ, Nicotera P, Orrenius S (1994) Signalling and chromatin fragmentation in thymocyte apoptosis. Immunol Rev 142 343-363 McCoy C, Smith DE, Cornwell MM (1995) 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate activation of the MDRl promoter is mediated by EGRl. Mol Cell Biol 15 6100-6108... 

The ELISA of cellular DNA fragmentation is a sandwich ELISA that measures apoptosis by quantitating the fragmentation and/or release of BrdU-labeled DNA. The commercial kit (Roche) can detect DNA fragments in the cell-free supernatants from cultured cells or cytoplasmic lysate of apoptotic cells prelabeled with BrdU... 

Takemura G, Kato S, Aoyama T, Hayakawa Y, Kanoh M, Maruyama R, et al. Characterization of ultrastructure and its relation with DNA fragmentation in Fas-induced apoptosis of cultured cardiac myocytes. J Pathol 2001 193 546-556. 

Parat MO, Richard MJ, Poller S, Hadjur C, Favier A, Beani JC. Zinc and DNA fragmentation in keratinocyte apoptosis first inhibitory effect in UV B irradiated cells. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 1997 37 101-6. 

As usual, the situation is not so clear-cut, and the requirement for Ca for the DNA cleavage observed in apoptosis is not universal. DNA fragmentation precedes apoptosis in PC 12 cell cultures and in primary cultures of neurons, but this does not require an elevation in [Ca ] (Batistatou and Green, 1991, 1993 Edwards and Tolkovsky,... 

Enomoto, R. et al.. Phosphorylation of histones triggers DNA fragmentation in thymocyte undergoing apoptosis induced by protein phosphatase inhibitors. Mol Cell Biol Res. Commun., 4, 276, 2001. 

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