DNA-barcoding

In contrast to the heat-labile proteins, DNA is relatively stable and can be tested in samples heated up to 120 °C (Lenstra, 2003). It is, unlike proteins, less affected by physiological conditions, environmental factors, storage, and processing (Shaw et ah, 2002). DNA sequences are now widely used for species identification in DNA barcoding (Ratnasingham and Hebert,... 

Five years ago a method to identify species solely by their DNA sequence was introduced under the term DNA barcoding (Hebert et al., 2003). A short fragment of a single gene (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) has been selected for fish (Ward et al., 2005) and for many other vertebrate and invertebrate species. Up to now, sequences of more than 5100 fish species have been collected (www.fishbol.org), which can also be used for identification of commercially important fish species. It has to be expected that DNA barcoding will become a valuable tool to be used for control of traceability and labeling of seafood, as exemplified by some recent publications (Smith et al., 2008 Ward et al., 2008 Yancy et al., 2008). 

Hebert PDN, Cywinska A, Ball SL, de Waard JR (2003). Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proc. R. Soc. London B, 270 313-321. 

Smith PJ, McVeagh SM, Steinke D (2008). DNA barcoding for the identification of smoked fish products. J. Fish Biol, 72 464-471. 

Yancy HF, et al. (2008). Potential use of DNA barcodes in regulatory science applications of the Regulatory Fish Encyclopedia. J. Food Prot., 71 210-217. 

Kress, W.J. and Erickson, D.L., A two-locus global DNA barcode for land plants The coding rbcL gene complements the non-coding tmH-psbA spacer region, PloS One, 2(6), e508, 2007. 

Frezal, L., Leblois, R. (2008). Four years of DNA barcoding current advances and prospects. Infection Genetics and Evolution 8,727-736. 

The campaign to DNA barcode all fishes. Journal of Fish Biology 74, 329-356. 

Cesari, M., Bertolani, R., Rebecchi, L, Guidetti, R. (2009). DNA barcoding in Tardigrada the first case study on Macrobiotus macrocalix Bertolani Rebecchi 1993 (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae). Molecular Ecology Resources 9, 699-706. 

HARDY C M, ADAMS M, JERRY D R, COURT L N, MORGAN M J and HARTLEY D M (2011) DNA barcoding to support conservation species identification, genetic structure and biogeography of fishes in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, Marine and Freshwater Research, 62,887-901. 

Novak, J., S. Grausgruber-Groger, and B. Lukas, 2007. DNA-Barcoding of plant extracts. 40 ... 

Grass, R.N., Schalchli, J., Paunescu, D., SoeUner, J.O.B., Kaegi, R., Stark, W.J., 2014. Tracking trace amounts of submicrometer silica particles in wastewaters and activated sludge using silica-encapsulated DNA barcodes. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 1, 484—489. 

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