Mannitol diuretic

Manufacture of vitamin C starts with the conversion of sorbitol to L-sorbose. Sorbitol and xyHtol have been used for parenteral nutrition following severe injury, bums, or surgery (246). An iron—sorbitol—citric acid complex is an intramuscular bematinic (247). Mannitol administered intravenously (248) and isosorbide administered orally (249) are osmotic diuretics. Mannitol hexanitrate and isosorbide dinitrate are antianginal dmgs (see Cardiovascular agents). 

OSM OTIC DIURETICS. Mannitol is administered only via the IV route The nurse inspects the solution carefully before administration because when exposed to low temperatures, mannitol solution may crystallize If crystals are observed, the bottle is warmed in a hot water bath, a dry heat oven, or autoclave to dissolve the crystals. The solution must be cooled to body temperature or lower before administering. The rate of administration and concentration of the drug is individualized. The nurse must monitor the urine output hourly. The rate of administration is adjusted to maintain a urine flow of at least 30 to 50 mL/h. 

Therapeutic measures that have been used to decrease the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy include extracellular volume expansion, minimization of the amount of contrast administered, and treatment with oral acetylcysteine. Theophylline, fenoldopam, loop diuretics, mannitol, dopamine, and calcium antagonists have no effect or may worsen ARF. 

Osmotic diuretic mannitol Aminoglycosides Organic anions p-Aminohippurate or benzylpenicilline Phenobarbital Phenylbutazone Oxipurinol Organic cations ... 

While several experimental reports have suggested that diuretics [mannitol and furosemide] decrease cisplatin nephrotoxicity [36, 41] others have shown that they may aggravate it [43]. Further, in humans, there is no convincing evidence than diuretics may attenuate cisplatin nephrotoxicity as shown in a randomized study by Alsarraf et al. [44] hydration + cisplatin was compared to hydration + mannitol + cisplatin. 

A number of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have been used topically, including dichlorphenamide (diclofenamide) and methazolamide. These are diuretics used systemically, and the diuretic mannitol is sometimes used in emergencies. 

Among the plant derived diuretics, the xanthine derivatives have this mode of action, whereas the osmotic diuretics, mannitol and sorbitol, which produce a glomerular filtration, but not resorption in the tubules, incease the excretion of water. 

Osmotic diuretic mannitol Aminoglycosides Organic anions ... 

There have been reports of oUgiuic acute renal failure with high doses (>200 mg/day) of the osmotic diuretic mannitol, which responded to hemodialysis [28-... 

The client with a head injury is experiencing increased intracranial pressure. The neurosurgeon prescribes the osmotic diuretic mannitol (Osmitrol). Which intervention should the nurse implement when administering this medication ... 

The osmotic diuretic mannitol (Osmitrol) to a client with a serum osmolality of 280 mOsm/kg. 

The client diagnosed with a brain tumor is ordered the osmotic diuretic mannitol (Osmitrol) to be given intravenously. Which interventions for this medication should the nurse implement Select all that apply. 

A. Mannitol is an osmotically active solute diuretic. Mannitol inhibits water reabsorption at the loop of Henie and the proximal tubule. The increase in urine output is usually accompanied by an increase in solute excretion. In addition, mannitol transiently increases serum osmolality and decreases cerebrospinal fluid pressure by creating an osmotic gradient between brain tissue and the vascular compartment. Water moves across this gradient into the blood vessels, lowering the cerebrospinal fluid pressure and decreasing intracranial pressure. 

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