Distribution of additive in bulk and on surface

Enamel film was cast and baked on the surface of glass panel. Composition contained 200 ppm silicone oil. Both surfaces of the film were abraded with potas- 

It is interesting to note that for full coverage of the surface only 12 x lO mg iri of erucamide is needed. This is even met with the smallest addition studied (0.04%). In the practical range of concentrations (0.6 to 0.1%) the number of lay- 

Amide additives which reside on surface may be degraded by oxidation or UV radiation or lost by evaporation. It was demonstrated that the surface concentration of erucamide did not change with time at room temperature but drastic decrease in its concentration occurred when temperature was increased to 55°C.  

Fluoropol5mier-based additive reduces rheological parameters of processing by extrusion, which shows that the additive has lubricating action. After processing, no trace of additive was detected on the surface of products. It was concluded that at elevated temperature additive migrates and resides on the surface of metal parts which improves processing characteristics. 

In sheet molded compounds, mold release agents (stearates of calcium and zinc) were found in the surface layers of molded materials. Their presence influenced acid/base character of surface layers. In these two research papers, it was pointed out that the surface layer contained no filler but most of release agent was residing there. Surface accumulation of additives was reported for nitrile butadiene rubber. The layers of additives formed are reported to affect adhesion 

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