Distribution angiosperms

Jensen, S.R., Plant iridoids, their biosynthesis and distribution in angiosperms, in Ecological Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Terpenoids, Harbome, J.B. et al., Eds., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1991, 133. 

Harbome, J.B., The natural distribution in angiosperms of anthocyanins acylated with aliphatic dicarboxyhc acid. Phytochemistry, 25, 1887, 1986. 

DAHLGREN, R., A system of classification of the angiosperms to be used to demonstrate the distribution of characters, Botaniska Notiser, 1975,128, 119-147. 

DAHLGREN, R., A commentary on a diagrammatic presentation of the angiosperms in relation to the distribution of character states, Plant Syst. Evol., 1977, Supplement 1, 253-283. 

Brewbaker JL. The distribution and phylogenetic significance of binucleate and tri-nucleate pollen grains in the angiosperms. Am JBot 1967 54 1069-1083. 

Wollenweber, E., On the distribution of exudate flavonoids among Angiosperms, Rev. Latinoamer. Quim., 21, 115, 1990. 

The terpenoids may also be used for the identification of the various taxa [9]. They were initially used extensively as taxonomic markers of gymnosperms, mainly due to their abundance in the leaves of conifers. In contrast, the terpenoids of angiosperms have been poorly researched, possibly due to their irregular distribution in such families e.g. in a survey of 34 species of Plectranthus (Labiatae) [10], 18 were found to have excellent oil profiles, with up to 32 components, but the remainder of the species failed to give any leaf volatiles. Compared with other secondary... 

The heterocycle of flavones contains a ketone group, and has an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond. Flavones are common in angiosperms. The most widely distributed flavones in nature are kaemferol (5,7,4 hydroxyflavone 1.42), quercetin (5,7,3, 4 hydroxyflavone 1.43), and myricetin (5,7,3, 4, 5 hydroxyflavone 1.44). 

Bailey IW, Sinnott EW (1916) The climatic distribution of certain types of Angiosperm leaves. Am J Bot 3 24-... 

Figure 2.21 Structures of betanldln and a typical anthocyanidin, cyanidin, accumulating as various glycosylated structures and their acylated forms. Both compounds exhibit similar max values. Occurrence of these two classes of pigments mutually excludes each other. The betalains are exclusively found in most families of the plant order Caryophyllales, whereas the anthocyanins are ubiquitously distributed in the other families of the Angiosperms.

The natural sources, biological activities, and traditional uses of all biflavonoids mentioned above are compressed in Table 1. In this way a current picture of their distribution is achieved, thus providing an important tool for future brflavonoid studies. The structures are mainly distributed in some species of Angiosperms (monocots and dicots), Gymnosperms, ferns (Pteridophyta), and mosses (Bryophyta). 

---