Distribution African-Asian

What are the ethical, legal, social, and scientific implications of pharmacogenomics Given the current disparities and the role—however illegitimate—of skin color and ethnicity in the distribution of medical services, how might new approaches to therapy affect socially defined groups of African, Asian, and Hispanic descent These questions are complex individually, and they become more so when intersected. 

The distribution of TPMT mutant alleles differs significantly among ethnic populations. In the Caucasian population, TPMT 3A, 2, and 3C are the most frequently observed variant alleles which, altogether, account for more than 95% of variant alleles (Table 2) (64,170). In Asian and African populations, TPMT 3C is the most frequent variant allele (171,172). Comprehensive work was done to investigate the functional consequences of TPMT variants and recently alleles including 13 non-synonymous TPMT SNPs were transiently expressed in COS-1 cells and enzyme activity and protein quantity were determined (173). 

These plants are widely distributed blit are most abundant in the Asian and African tropics. Several species are ornamentals. 

If Mother Nature had a vote for her ultimate superfruit, this would probably be it. After all, didn t she stock the promised land with figs Given their distribution across the world s tropics, home to dense populations, figs are among the most exploited of tree fruits. They are a healthy staple of diets in every corner of the world, but they are not always used for food countless folk medicine remedies in the form of poultices are used to treat various minor skin and internal disorders in African, Middle Eastern, and Asian countries. 

Figure 1-3. Frequency distribution of dextromethorphan metabolic ratios (MRs) in Asians, African Americans, Caucasians, and Mexican Americans. The MR is the log10 of the ratio between urinary dextromethorphan and one of its main metabolites, dextrophan. Lower MRs indicate more active enzyme activities.

The largest of the four genera in the family is Entodon, with approximately 145 species globally, of which 11 occur in Africa. Erythrodontium has 16 species that are currently being revised, and four of these occur in Africa. There are two species in Mesonodon, one of which has an African and Asian distribution, and Pylaisiobryum is a monotypic African genus. 

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