Distortion of liquid surface

Class 3-Methods Based on Direct Mechanical Effects. These include the use of acoustical probes [57-71], acoustic impedance measurements [72—75], acoustic fluxmeter [76], the measurement of radiation forces [17,21,77—112], the distortion of liquid surface [ 113-115], surface cleaning, dispersive effects, emulsification [ 116-118], erosion [ 19,22,119-125], mass transfer measurements (electrochemical probe) [26,129], absorption methods [93,132], particle velocity measurements [132], and optical methods [133-141],... 

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