Displacement mechanisms stripping mechanism

For the type of oil trapped by heterogeneous microscopic pores and capillary forces, as shown in Figure 6.20d, Wang et al. (2001b) showed that it could barely be pushed out by normal polymer solutions. A fraction of the trapped oil may be displaced by polymer solution by combination of pulling and stripping mechanisms. 

Dynamic-mechanical testing of cross-linked samples are often carried out with high precision on specimen strips in torsion mode, e.g., with a Rheo-metrics Dynamic Analyzer II (RDA) with a sample size of 28x10x2 mm. Here, temperature-and strain sweeps are performed in a displacement range from 0.01% to about 5% strain and a frequency range between 0.1 and 100 Hz. Dynamic mechanical testing of uncross-linked samples can be made, e.g., with a Rubber Process Analyzer RPA 2000 (Alpha Technologies) from 0.28% to 350% strain at various frequencies and elevated temperatures. 

The experimental results showed that a linear relationship exists between the voltage output and imposed quasi-static displacement of the tip of the IPMC sensor as shown in Figure 3. The experimental set up was such that the tip of the cantilevered IPMC strip as shown in Figure 2 was mechanically moved and the corresponding output voltage recorded. The results are shown in Figure 3. 

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