Disease cellular mechanisms

Cytokines, eg, interferons, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and certain growth factors, could have antitumor activity directiy, or may modulate cellular mechanisms of antitumor activity (2). Cytokines may be used to influence the proliferation and differentiation of T-ceUs, B-ceUs, macrophage—monocyte, myeloid, or other hematopoietic cells. Alternatively, the induction of interferon release may represent an important approach for synthetic—medicinal chemistry, to search for effective antiinflammatory and antifibrotic agents. Inducers of interferon release may also be useful for lepromatous leprosy and chronic granulomatous disease. The potential cytokine and cytokine-related therapeutic approaches to treatment of disease are summarized in Table 4. A combination of cytokines is a feasible modaUty for treatment of immunologically related diseases however, there are dangers inherent in such an approach, as shown by the induction of lethal disserninated intravascular coagulation in mice adrninistered TNF-a and IFN-y. 

Mardones, P and Rigotti, A, 2004. Cellular mechanisms of vitamin E uptake Relevance in alpha-tocopherol metabolism and potential implications for disease. J Nutr Biochem 15, 252-260. 

Walter, J., Grunberg, J., and Schindzielorz, A., and Haass, C, 1998, Proteolytic fragments of the Alzheimer s disease associated preseniUns-l and-2 are phosphorylated in vivo by distinct cellular mechanisms, Biochemistry 5961-5967. 

A. Cancer is considered a genetic disease in that mutations of various genes cause disease by dysregulation of cellular mechanisms that control proliferation, survival, and death. 

B18. Broide, D. H., Molecular and cellular mechanisms of allergic disease. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 108, S65-S71 (2001). 

Barnes PJ, Shapiro SD, Pauwels RA. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease molecular and cellular mechanisms. Eur. Respir. J. 2003 22 672-688. 

Cosio MG T-lymphocytes. In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. Barnes PJ, ed. 2005. Taylor Francis Group, New York. 

Rahman I. Oxidative stress in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Cell Biochem. Biophys. 2005 43 167-188. 

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