Discovery of the air and water composition

The facts on air composition were expressed most clearly by Scheele, in his booklet Abhandlmg von der Luft und dem Feuer (Treatise on Air and Fire), which was published in 1777 (Scheele 1777). From laboratory scripts it is now known that Scheele discovered oxygen - dephlogisticated air - before Priestley and by similar methods heating silver carbonate, red mercury oxide, salpeter and magnesium nitrate. Scheele also discovered chlorine (CI2), and he named the ingredients of air as Feuerluft (O2) and verdorbene Luft (N2). Scheele found evidence that one unit of oxygen produces one volume of carbon dioxide and defined that 

This is incorrect, it should be written (in the old terms) carbon = fixe Luft (fixed air) + phlogiston, i. e., when carbon is burning, it is transformed into carbonic acid (CO2) while releasing phlogiston . 

He believed that this element (oxygen, denoted as dephlogiston) is an immanent part of acids and this gave him the name oxygene (from Greek o vq - acid). He also named the other element, called by Scheele verdorbene Luff (bad air, and by Priestley phlogistigated air ) azote (this was nitrogen). Lavoisier was the first person who quantified the composition of air, in 1778 (Table 1.3). 

Finally, in 1787, Lavoisier together with the French chemists, de Morveau, Ber-thollet and de Fourcroy established in Paris a new chemical nomenclature, that has remained valid until today. Lavoisier wrote in 1789 the Trade elementaire de Chimie (Elementary Treatise of Chemistry), the first modem textbook on chemistry, and presented a unified view of new theories of chemistry, containing a clear statement of the law of conservation of mass, and denied the existence of phlogiston. In addition, it contained a list of elements, or substances that could not be broken down further, which included oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphoms, mercury, zinc, and sulfur. 

The debate about who actually discovered the chemical composition of water (H2O) was called the water controversy in the nineteenth century. With respect to the discovery of the chemical composition of water, three scientists must be regarded as candidates (Kopp 1869) Cavendish, who was probably the first (in 1781) to carry out experiments to form water by combining phlogiston and dephlo-gisticated air (O2), also called good, pure, vital, fire air (in German gute Luft, 

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