Discharging battery temperature during

Lithium-ion batteries for portable computers can withstand -20 to +60 or 65°C during discharge, but are limited to 50°C temperature during charge. 

The broken section in the curve for the lead-acid battery indicates that discharge may not be possible at such a low temperature since ice may be formed and dramatically increase the internal resistance. This is caused by acid consumption during discharge, which means that the acid density in a completely or deep discharged battery approaches the density of 1.00 kg/L. Therefore the operation of lead-acid batteries can be limited at very low temperatures. 

Battery designers believe that after the battery is discharged at low temperatures during formation, a large battery capacity can be achieved at higher temperatures. This trend indicates that the maximum battery capacity is achieved only when the battery undergoes low current discharges. Furthermore, the room temperature... 

The data presented in Table 6.17 indicate that both the higher air-flow rates and the fan power are required at higher battery surface temperatures during the charge and discharge cycles. Cooling of batteries is necessary to maintain both the higher battery efflciency and reliability. 

Information on the recommended conditions of temperature during charge, discharge and storage of Varta batteries is given in Table 51.21. 

Reserve batteries have been developed for appHcations that require a long inactive shelf period foUowed by intense discharge during which high energy and power, and sometimes operation at low ambient temperature, are required. These batteries are usually classified by the mechanism of activation which is employed. There are water-activated batteries that utilize fresh or seawater electrolyte-activated batteries, some using the complete electrolyte, some only the solvent gas-activated batteries where the gas is used as either an active cathode material or part of the electrolyte and heat-activated or thermal batteries which use a soHd salt electrolyte activated by melting on appHcation of heat. 

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