Disadvantages and risks

Like all techniques, Raman spectroscopy has its limitations and disadvantages. 

It is all but impossible to collect Raman spectra of black materials. The sample is usually degraded, burned, or otherwise damaged from absorption of the intense laser energy. Any Raman signal is masked by the strong blackbody radiation. Many of these samples are 

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Pharmaco-economic evaluations are new as a tool to control prices. In essence, regulators (or other purchasers) try to establish fair prices on the basis of complicated calculations, taking into account the costs of other treatments, the costs of disease for society and so on. The costs of a drug are thus set against its direct and indirect benefits, as compared with alternative drugs and treatments, and its possible disadvantages and risks. The essential question is how much the drug is worth to the community. 

Disadvantages include risks associated with catheter insertion, use, and care. Central venous access has a greater potential for infection. 

MCS (you probably have already started to feel better after a few months), it s important to shift your focus toward learning to accept life with MCS. (Certainly in this case all other medical causes of your condition should have already been ruled out through the established medical arena.) With this new attitude you will find in time that you reach inner acceptance and peace, and thereby avoid being stuck in a downward spiral. The disadvantage of denial is that you continue to expose yourself to all sorts of substances and risk becoming sensitive to even more substances. 

Deprivation. In the UK, both stroke incidence and poor outcome after stroke are greater in areas of socioeconomic disadvantage (Kaplan and Keil 1993 Avendano et al. 2004). This is partly because poverty is associated with adverse health behaviors and risk factors such as smoking (Hart et al. 2000a). There is also evidence that poor maternal and infant health is associated with increased mortality from stroke in later life (Barker 1995 Martyn et al. 1996). However, the adverse effect of socioeconomic deprivation also appears to be cumulative throughout life (Davey Smith et al. 1997 Hart et al. 2000b). 

Calcium homeostasis. Renal caldum loss is increased by the loop diuretics in the short term this is not a serious disadvantage and indeed frusemide may be used in the management of hypercalcaemia after rehydration has been achieved. In the long term h3rpocalcaemia may be harmful especially in elderly patients who tend in any case to be in negative calcium balance. Thiazides, by contrast, decrease renal excertion of calcium and this property may influence the choice of diuretic in a potentially calcium deficient or osteoporotic individual, for thiazide use is associated with reduced risk of hip fracture in the elderly. The h5rpocalciuric effect of the thiazides has also been used effectively in patients with idiopathic hypercalduria, the commonest metabolic cause of renal stones. 

Trace amounts of catalysts, e.g., tin catalysts, are conveniently added by means of a pipette. The weight of one drop of catalyst can be determined in advance. Small amounts of catalyst can also be added by using an anal)rtical balance. However, the use of such a balance is not recommended because of disadvantages, including time-consuming weighing procedures and risks of over charge. 

The reducible fraction can be recovered in three steps easily reducible fraction (manganese oxides), moderately reducible fraction (amorphous iron oxides), and poorly reducible fraction (crystalline iron oxides). A few SEPs address all three fractions (Miller et al., 1986 Zeien and Briimmer, 1989 Krishnamurti et al., 1995). A number of SEPs are only able to differentiate between easily reducible and moderately reducible fractions (called readily and poorly available forms ofTE, respectively) (Shuman, 1983 Salomons and Forstner, 1984 Kersten and Forstner, 1986). Due to the lack of selectivity of reagents, with consequent overlapping of separated fractions, all reducible forms are typically separated together (Ure et al., 1993 Rauret et al., 1999). Despite the fact that the SEPs may be simplified, in this way, simultaneous recovery of readily and poorly available forms of TE seems rather disadvantageous for risk assessment purposes. 

The clear advantages of patent protection are statutory exclusivity, the ability to extend a particular embodiment to a more generic scope of protection, and the ability to exhibit this protection in public for the benefit of investors. The disadvantages are related to the expense and risks in obtaining this protection. 

No specific therapy exists for infections caused by these viruses. A live-attenuated vaccine for VEE (TC-83) and inactivated vaccines for VEE, EEE, and WEE have been developed and are used under IND status. Although these vaccines are useful in protecting at-risk individuals, they have certain disadvantages, and improved vaccines are under development. 

Protection against and prevention of risks, major disadvantages, and considerable loadings that have other causes. 

Table 22 Opportunities and risks (advantages and disadvantages) of thin-wall injection molding techniques cmnpared with cruiventional injection molding...

Table 25 Opportunities (advantages) and risks (disadvantages) of a part and mold design based on a numeric simulation, compared with analytical/empirical dimensioning...

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