Direct Visual Observation of Microfiltration Membrane Fouling and Cleaning

Direct Visual Observation of Microfiltration Membrane Fouling and Cleaning 

In this chapter, direct visual observations of particle deposition and removal during crossflow microflltration are described. We start with early work in which particle deposition and cake formation were observed from the side, and then consider more recent studies where video and still photomicrographs were taken from below or above the membrane. The chapter ends with observations of particle removal by backpulses, followed by concluding remarks. The interested reader is also referred to prior reviews of non-invasive, in situ membrane monitoring by Chen, Li and Fane [2] and Chen, Li and Elimelich [3]. 

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