Direct Method Grooved Plate

The idea behind this test is that, by using the grooved plate, the powder is forced to fail along the horizontal shear plane and the powder in the ring slides along a stationary powder in the 

This method is not well described in the literature although it has been proven by Williams29. There is some further validation work required because the method has a great potential as a simple alternative to the more sophisticated and expensive indirect methods of measuring the angle of internal friction. In conjuction with the uniaxial compression and wall friction tests, it could even be used in some applications to provide the necessary data for hopper design. 

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The angle of internal friction can be measured indirectly, in shear cells for example, or directly, by the grooved plate method. There... 

The angle of internal friction can be measured directly by the "grooved plate" method. The base of the Jenike shear cell is replaced by a metal plate in which a number of saw-toothed grooves are cut (Figure 2.15). These... 

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