Direct electrochemical synthetic routes

Other methanofullerenes (not of the Bingel-type) were also found to be unstable after several reduction processes (68-70, Figure 23), [9-11] and under CPE they led to the isolation of [60]fullerene. A more recent study was conducted in THF to avoid the well-known reactivity of CH2CI2 towards the polyanions of C60 [72] and to explore the mechanisms involved during adduct removal [9b,10], Surprisingly, an electrochemically induced intermolecular adduct transfer was observed for the spiromethanofullerenes studied, and the regio-isomer distribution found in THF differed significantly from that obtained when the compounds are prepared by a direct synthetic route [10], The proposed mechanism for the formation of... 

This electrochemical synthesis of carbamates is related to the direct cathodic reduction of CO, carboxylation of amine via carbonate anion yielding the carbamate anion and the alkylation of the carbamate anion. For the last step of the whole synthetic process, two possible routes are possible the N-aUcylation of the carbamate anion (yielding nitrogen-derived products and CO elimination) and the... 

Indium tris(pentane-l,2-dionate), In(acac)3, was first prepared in 1921 by the reaction of Hacac with freshly precipitated In(OH)3, and this remains the essence of later preparations of related compounds, which include derivatives of dibenzoylmethane, fluoro-4-6-octanedione, and various RCOCH2COCF3 compounds (R = Me, Ph, naphthyl, thienyl, efc.). Extraction into an organic solvent such as chloroform is a useful synthetic step in isolating the reaction product from aqueous solution. A direct route involving the electrochemical oxidation of indium metal in a solution of Hacac in methanol offers the advantage of a one-step synthesis,Related compounds with InO kernels include the tropolonate and 3-oxo-2-methyl-3-pyronate derivatives and it is also worth noting the anionic complex... 

Conclusions All three 30wt% PtsoRuso/Vulcan XC 72 electrocatalysts (Catl-3) generated by the respective reduction agents via the colloidal precursor route showed good electrocatalytic activity in methanol oxidation. Small differences in the surface structures, which are a direct consequence of the synthetic methodology used, is likely the reason for the differences in their electrochemical properties. 

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