Dipolar liquids, Onsager

In the case of a static field, the macroscopic relative permittivity e° has to be used in (82) for the cavity field factor, while the optical relative permittivity extrapolated to infinite wavelength e can be applied to estimate the static polarizability a(0 0) in (84). In this way the Onsager-Lorentz factor for a pure dipolar liquid is obtained (87). 

For a pure dipolar liquid the prefactors m (101) reduce to the Onsager-Lorentz factor (87). We use a double bar ( ) for the effective dipole moment in the energy expression (100). Note that the dipole moment (101) is different from the effective solute dipole moment (102) which results from (84), (88) and (90)... 

Molecular theories for the static permittivity bq of dipolar liquids developed originally by Onsager, Kirkwood, and Frohlich were adapted for linear bulk... 

Debye and Huckel (J) have derived an expression for the work function of an ion in an ion atmosphere in solution. They and others (J, S, 4) have applied this function to various phenomena in liquid media. The authors (2) have previously deduced, in a similar way, the field around a dipole and have combined it with Onsagers (5) theory of polar liquids to obtain an equation that explains the electrostatic effects on the rates of reaction between ions and dipolar molecules (2). The equation has been applied (2,6,7,8) to the rates of several ion-dipolar molecular reactions. 

Fig. 22. Comparison with the dielectric constant of real liquids LHNC results for dipolar hard spheres at p 0.8 (solid curve), Stockmayer fluids at p — 0.8, 7 —1.35 (dashed curve) ONS Onsager. The dots are the experimental results for the following Uquids (1) CH3I, (2) CHjCl. (3) NHj, (4) CHj— C—CH3, (5) CH3F, (6) CH3— C—H, (7) QHjNOj, (8)...

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