Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase

This enzyme [EC 4.1.1.33] (also known as mevalonic acid 5-pyrophosphate anhydrodecarboxylase, mevalonate-5-diphosphate decarboxylase, and diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase) catalyzes the reaction of ATP with (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate to produce ADP, orthophosphate, isopentenyl diphosphate, and carbon dioxide. 

R)-5-Diphosphomevalonate, formation of, 5-PHOSPHOMEVALONATE KLNASE DIPHOSPHOMEVALONATE DECARBOXYLASE... 

Mevalonic acid, the product of HMGR, is converted to IPP by the sequential action of three enzymes mevalonate kinase, phosphomevalonate kinase and diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase (Fig. 5.3). These three catalysts have not previously been considered to be important control points in plant terpenoid biosynthesis, and little new information has appeared to alter this view. The... 

IPP, and/or DMAPP) can also cause sharp growth inhibition, which can be alleviated by the coexpression of a codon-optimized terpene synthase from the artemisinin pathway [27, 28]. Additionally, the production of lycopene was increased in E. coli by assembling a synthetic mevalonate pathway, which included mevalonate kinase and 5-diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase from yeast, human 5-phosphomevalonate kinase, and E. coli IPP/DMAPP isomerase [29]. Finally, studies on isoprenoid production in S. cerevisiae mainly focused on the mevalonate pathway. For example, Shiba et al. successfully amplified the flux to mevalonate in S. cerevisiae by overexpressing acetyl-CoA synthetase from Salmonella enterica and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase [30]. 

Gogerty DS, Bobik TA (2010) Formation of isobutene from 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate by diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase. Appl Environ Microbiol 76(24) 8004-10 Green EM (2011) Fermentative production of butanol— the industrial perspective. Curr Opin Biotechnol 22(3) 337-343... 

In this pathway (Fig. 88.3), acetyl-CoA (from TCA cycle) first undergoes condensation with another acetyl-CoA subunit via acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase to form acetoacetyl-CoA. Acetoacetyl-CoA then condenses with another acetyl-CoA to form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA, which is reduced to mevalonate by NADPH in the cytosol (the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis and a target of statins). Successively, mevalonate is converted to 5-phosphomevalonate, 5-diphosphomevalonate by kinases, and finally to IPP by pyrophosphomevalraiate decarboxylase [11]. 

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