Diodes, active matrix displays

In this chapter, we first discuss important OTFT characteristics and parameters for display applications. Next, we describe the use of OTFTs in the three types of active matrix displays for which they have the most relevance and hold the most promise AMLCDs, active-matrix electrophoretic displays, and active matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. Finally, we briefly discuss the use of OTFTs for integrated display driver circuits. 

The essential principle of an active matrix display is that each pixel has associated with it a semiconductor device that is used to control the operation of that pixel. It is this rectangular array of semiconductor devices (the active matrix) that is addressed by the drive circuitry. The devices, which are fabricated by thin-film techniques on the inner surface of a substrate (usually glass) forming one wall of the LCD cell, may be either two-terminal devices (Fig. 6) or three terminal devices (Fig. 7). Various two-terminal devices have been proposed ZnO varistors, MIM devices, and several structures involving one or more a-Si diodes. Much of the research effort, however, has concentrated on the three-terminal devices, namely thin-film, insulated-gate, field-effect transistors. The subject of thin-film transistors (TFTs) is considered elsewhere in this volume suffice it to say that of the various materials that have been suggested for the semiconductor, only a-Si and poly-Si appear to have serious prospects of commercial exploitation. 

In both the active matrix display panel using the fast response liquid crystal and the three-primary-color light-emitting diode backlight, full-color display operation is achieved by a field sequential color driving method. 

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S.K. Bhowmick and B. Mazhari, An improved four TFT circuit for active-matrix organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, SID Tech. Dig., 33, 606-609, 2002. 

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S. A. Van Slyke, C. H. Chen, J. Shi, M. H. Lu, M. Moskewicz, J. C. Sturm, A Polysilicon Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode Display with Integrated Drivers, SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 1999, 30, 438-441. 

Sekitani T, Nakajima H, Maeda H et al (2009) Stretchable active-matrix organic light-emitting diode display using printable elastic conductors. Nat Mater 8 494-499... 

Dawson, R.M.A. et al.. The impact of the transient response of organic hght emitting diodes on the design of active matrix OLED displays, Int. Electron Devices Meeting, 875, 1998. 

Dawson, R.M.A. and Kane, M.G., Pursnit of active matrix organic hght emitting diode displays, SID Int. Symp. Dig. Tech. Papers, 32, 372, 2001. 

An Organic Thin Film Transistor Pixel Circuit for Active-Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode Flat Panel Display... 

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